// Cloned by Ger Gleeson on 2 Nov 2019 from World "Complex World" by Starter user
// Please leave this clone trail here.
// Gerard Gleeson
// Student ID: 19214978
// Email: gerard.gleeson7@mail.dcu.ie
// This program is a submission of the "A* Practical" for course CA686
// The approach i have used is to implement A* within each iteration when the "program" moves the "enemy"
// Using A* star, for each move, i calculate the optimum route to the agent from the enemy and store this within an array (path)
// then using the path, i select the next move for the enemy.
// I dont allow the enemy to move onto the same square as the agent as i found, this counterproductive to trying to trap him/her.
// Option to turn on diagonals, i found the enemy moves alot quicker towards the agent, and once found the found the enemy was able to keep pace with the agent giving a low score (<25%).
// I observed that even though the enemy was quicker at moving towards the agent in this instance, he/she didn't trap the agent any quicker.
// Option to turn on A star search to be used for comparision reasons, against previous search.
// A Star out performed the previous search every time.
// Tweeks
// During the neighbor slection, if one of the neighbors is the agent, I stop the search
// ****Stragies to counter enemy****
// When choosing next move the following pointers would help the agent
// 1) Next move should maximise distance from enemy
// 2) Only select a move where its neighbors are all either GRID_WALL or GRID_MAZE as last resort
// 3) Favour moves that put squares that are GRID_MAZE, between agent and enemy
// ==== Starter World ===============================================================================================
// (c) Ancient Brain Ltd. All rights reserved.
// This code is only for use on the Ancient Brain site.
// This code may be freely copied and edited by anyone on the Ancient Brain site.
// This code may not be copied, re-published or used on any other website.
// To include a run of this code on another website, see the "Embed code" links provided on the Ancient Brain site.
// ==================================================================================================================
// =============================================================================================
// More complex starter World
// 3d-effect Maze World (really a 2-D problem)
// Movement is on a semi-visible grid of squares
//
// This more complex World shows:
// - Skybox
// - Internal maze (randomly drawn each time)
// - Enemy actively chases agent
// - Music/audio
// - 2D world (clone this and set show3d = false)
// - User keyboard control (clone this and comment out Mind actions to see)
// =============================================================================================
// =============================================================================================
// Scoring:
// Bad steps = steps where enemy is within one step of agent.
// Good steps = steps where enemy is further away.
// Score = good steps as percentage of all steps.
//
// There are situations where agent is trapped and cannot move.
// If this happens, you score zero.
// =============================================================================================
// ===================================================================================================================
// === Start of tweaker's box ========================================================================================
// ===================================================================================================================
// The easiest things to modify are in this box.
// You should be able to change things in this box without being a JavaScript programmer.
// Go ahead and change some of these. What's the worst that could happen?
AB.clockTick = 100;
// Speed of run: Step every n milliseconds. Default 100.
AB.maxSteps = 1000;
// Length of run: Maximum length of run in steps. Default 1000.
AB.screenshotStep = 50;
// Take screenshot on this step. (All resources should have finished loading.) Default 50.
//---- global constants: -------------------------------------------------------
const show3d = true; // Switch between 3d and 2d view (both using Three.js)
// const TEXTURE_WALL = '/uploads/starter/door.jpg' ;
const TEXTURE_WALL = '/uploads/gerryg80/shutterstock-289828547___21093705684.jpg';
const TEXTURE_MAZE = '/uploads/gerryg80/easy_guide_grass.jpg';
//const TEXTURE_MAZE = '/uploads/starter/latin.jpg' ;
const TEXTURE_AGENT = '/uploads/gerryg80/images.png' ;
const TEXTURE_ENEMY = '/uploads/gerryg80/600px-EnemyGG.png' ;
// credits:
// http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_door_handles.jpg
// https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pac-Man_icons
// https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Skull_and_crossbone_icons
// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inscription_displaying_apices_(from_the_shrine_of_the_Augustales_at_Herculaneum).jpg
const MUSIC_BACK = '/uploads/starter/Defense.Line.mp3' ;
const SOUND_ALARM = '/uploads/starter/air.horn.mp3' ;
// credits:
// http://www.dl-sounds.com/royalty-free/defense-line/
// http://soundbible.com/1542-Air-Horn.html
const gridsize = 20; // number of squares along side of world
const NOBOXES = Math.trunc ( (gridsize * gridsize) / 10 );
// density of maze - number of internal boxes
// (bug) use trunc or can get a non-integer
const squaresize = 100; // size of square in pixels
const MAXPOS = gridsize * squaresize; // length of one side in pixels
const SKYCOLOR = 0x70db70; // a number, not a string
const startRadiusConst = MAXPOS * 0.8 ; // distance from centre to start the camera at
const maxRadiusConst = MAXPOS * 10 ; // maximum distance from camera we will render things
//--- change ABWorld defaults: -------------------------------
ABHandler.MAXCAMERAPOS = maxRadiusConst ;
ABHandler.GROUNDZERO = true; // "ground" exists at altitude zero
//--- skybox: -------------------------------
// skybox is a collection of 6 files
// x,y,z positive and negative faces have to be in certain order in the array
// https://threejs.org/docs/#api/en/loaders/CubeTextureLoader
// mountain skybox, credit:
// http://stemkoski.github.io/Three.js/Skybox.html
const SKYBOX_ARRAY = [
"/uploads/starter/dawnmountain-xpos.png",
"/uploads/starter/dawnmountain-xneg.png",
"/uploads/starter/dawnmountain-ypos.png",
"/uploads/starter/dawnmountain-yneg.png",
"/uploads/starter/dawnmountain-zpos.png",
"/uploads/starter/dawnmountain-zneg.png"
];
// space skybox, credit:
// http://en.spaceengine.org/forum/21-514-1
// x,y,z labelled differently
/*
const SKYBOX_ARRAY = [
"/uploads/starter/sky_pos_z.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/sky_neg_z.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/sky_pos_y.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/sky_neg_y.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/sky_pos_x.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/sky_neg_x.jpg"
];
*/
// urban photographic skyboxes, credit:
// http://opengameart.org/content/urban-skyboxes
/*
const SKYBOX_ARRAY = [
"/uploads/starter/posx.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/negx.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/posy.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/negy.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/posz.jpg",
"/uploads/starter/negz.jpg"
];
*/
// ===================================================================================================================
// === End of tweaker's box ==========================================================================================
// ===================================================================================================================
// You will need to be some sort of JavaScript programmer to change things below the tweaker's box.
//--- Mind can pick one of these actions -----------------
const ACTION_LEFT = 0;
const ACTION_RIGHT = 1;
const ACTION_UP = 2;
const ACTION_DOWN = 3;
const ACTION_STAYSTILL = 4;
// in initial view, (smaller-larger) on i axis is aligned with (left-right)
// in initial view, (smaller-larger) on j axis is aligned with (away from you - towards you)
// contents of a grid square
const GRID_BLANK = 0;
const GRID_WALL = 1;
const GRID_MAZE = 2;
var BOXHEIGHT; // 3d or 2d box height
var GRID = new Array(gridsize); // can query GRID about whether squares are occupied, will in fact be initialised as a 2D array
var theagent, theenemy;
var wall_texture, agent_texture, enemy_texture, maze_texture;
// enemy and agent position on squares
var ei, ej, ai, aj;
var badsteps;
var goodsteps;
var diagonal = false;
function loadResources() // asynchronous file loads - call initScene() when all finished
{
var loader1 = new THREE.TextureLoader();
var loader2 = new THREE.TextureLoader();
var loader3 = new THREE.TextureLoader();
var loader4 = new THREE.TextureLoader();
loader1.load ( TEXTURE_WALL, function ( thetexture )
{
thetexture.minFilter = THREE.LinearFilter;
wall_texture = thetexture;
if ( asynchFinished() ) initScene(); // if all file loads have returned
});
loader2.load ( TEXTURE_AGENT, function ( thetexture )
{
thetexture.minFilter = THREE.LinearFilter;
agent_texture = thetexture;
if ( asynchFinished() ) initScene();
});
loader3.load ( TEXTURE_ENEMY, function ( thetexture )
{
thetexture.minFilter = THREE.LinearFilter;
enemy_texture = thetexture;
if ( asynchFinished() ) initScene();
});
loader4.load ( TEXTURE_MAZE, function ( thetexture )
{
thetexture.minFilter = THREE.LinearFilter;
maze_texture = thetexture;
if ( asynchFinished() ) initScene();
});
}
function asynchFinished() // all file loads returned
{
if ( wall_texture && agent_texture && enemy_texture && maze_texture ) return true;
else return false;
}
//--- grid system -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// my numbering is 0 to gridsize-1
function occupied ( i, j ) // is this square occupied
{
if ( ( ei == i ) && ( ej == j ) ) return true; // variable objects
if ( ( ai == i ) && ( aj == j ) ) return true;
if ( GRID[i][j] == GRID_WALL ) return true; // fixed objects
if ( GRID[i][j] == GRID_MAZE ) return true;
return false;
}
function isWall (i,j){
if ( GRID[i][j] == GRID_WALL ) return true; // fixed objects
if ( GRID[i][j] == GRID_MAZE ) return true;
return false;
}
// translate my (i,j) grid coordinates to three.js (x,y,z) coordinates
// logically, coordinates are: y=0, x and z all positive (no negative)
// logically my dimensions are all positive 0 to MAXPOS
// to centre everything on origin, subtract (MAXPOS/2) from all dimensions
function translate ( i, j )
{
var v = new THREE.Vector3();
v.y = 0;
v.x = ( i * squaresize ) - ( MAXPOS/2 );
v.z = ( j * squaresize ) - ( MAXPOS/2 );
return v;
}
function initScene() // all file loads have returned
{
var i,j, shape, thecube;
// set up GRID as 2D array
for ( i = 0; i < gridsize ; i++ )
GRID[i] = new Array(gridsize);
// set up walls
for ( i = 0; i < gridsize ; i++ )
for ( j = 0; j < gridsize ; j++ )
if ( ( i==0 ) || ( i==gridsize-1 ) || ( j==0 ) || ( j==gridsize-1 ) )
{
GRID[i][j] = GRID_WALL;
shape = new THREE.BoxGeometry ( squaresize, BOXHEIGHT, squaresize );
thecube = new THREE.Mesh( shape );
thecube.material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( { map: wall_texture } );
thecube.position.copy ( translate(i,j) ); // translate my (i,j) grid coordinates to three.js (x,y,z) coordinates
ABWorld.scene.add(thecube);
}
else
GRID[i][j] = GRID_BLANK;
// set up maze
for ( var c=1 ; c <= NOBOXES ; c++ )
{
i = AB.randomIntAtoB(1,gridsize-2); // inner squares are 1 to gridsize-2
j = AB.randomIntAtoB(1,gridsize-2);
GRID[i][j] = GRID_MAZE ;
shape = new THREE.BoxGeometry ( squaresize, BOXHEIGHT, squaresize );
thecube = new THREE.Mesh( shape );
thecube.material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( { map: maze_texture } );
thecube.position.copy ( translate(i,j) ); // translate my (i,j) grid coordinates to three.js (x,y,z) coordinates
ABWorld.scene.add(thecube);
}
// set up enemy
// start in random location
do
{
i = AB.randomIntAtoB(1,gridsize-2);
j = AB.randomIntAtoB(1,gridsize-2);
}
while ( occupied(i,j) ); // search for empty square
ei = i;
ej = j;
shape = new THREE.BoxGeometry ( squaresize, BOXHEIGHT, squaresize );
theenemy = new THREE.Mesh( shape );
theenemy.material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( { map: enemy_texture } );
ABWorld.scene.add(theenemy);
drawEnemy();
// set up agent
// start in random location
do
{
i = AB.randomIntAtoB(1,gridsize-2);
j = AB.randomIntAtoB(1,gridsize-2);
}
while ( occupied(i,j) ); // search for empty square
ai = i;
aj = j;
shape = new THREE.BoxGeometry ( squaresize, BOXHEIGHT, squaresize );
theagent = new THREE.Mesh( shape );
theagent.material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( { map: agent_texture } );
ABWorld.scene.add(theagent);
drawAgent();
// finally skybox
// setting up skybox is simple
// just pass it array of 6 URLs and it does the asych load
ABWorld.scene.background = new THREE.CubeTextureLoader().load ( SKYBOX_ARRAY, function()
{
ABWorld.render();
AB.removeLoading();
AB.runReady = true; // start the run loop
});
}
// --- draw moving objects -----------------------------------
function drawEnemy() // given ei, ej, draw it
{
theenemy.position.copy ( translate(ei,ej) ); // translate my (i,j) grid coordinates to three.js (x,y,z) coordinates
ABWorld.lookat.copy ( theenemy.position ); // if camera moving, look back at where the enemy is
}
function drawAgent() // given ai, aj, draw it
{
theagent.position.copy ( translate(ai,aj) ); // translate my (i,j) grid coordinates to three.js (x,y,z) coordinates
ABWorld.follow.copy ( theagent.position ); // follow vector = agent position (for camera following agent)
}
function heuristic (x, y){
var d1 = Math.abs(x.i - y.i);
var d2 = Math.abs(x.j - y.j);
return d1 + d2;
}
function Spot(i, j)
{
// Location
this.i = i;
this.j = j;
// f, g, and h values for A*
this.f = 0;
this.g = 0;
this.h = 0;
// Neighbors
this.neighbors = [];
this.wall = isWall(i, j);
// Where did I come from?
this.previous = undefined;
this.addNeighbors = function(grid)
{
var i = this.i;
var j = this.j;
if (i < gridsize - 1) this.neighbors.push(grid[i + 1][j]);
if (i > 0) this.neighbors.push(grid[i - 1][j]);
if (j < gridsize - 1) this.neighbors.push(grid[i][j + 1]);
if (j > 0) this.neighbors.push(grid[i][j - 1]);
if (diagonal){
// If diagonal is true, enemy moves to agent much quicker
if (i > 0 && j > 0) this.neighbors.push(grid[i - 1][j - 1]);
if (i < gridsize - 1 && j > 0) this.neighbors.push(grid[i + 1][j - 1]);
if (i > 0 && j < gridsize - 1) this.neighbors.push(grid[i - 1][j + 1]);
if (i < gridsize - 1 && j < gridsize - 1) this.neighbors.push(grid[i + 1][j + 1]);
}
}
}
// --- take actions -----------------------------------
function moveLogicalEnemy()
{
//allows to compare a start solution aginst previous solution
var a_star = true;
if (a_star){
//logic of this will be to find the path to the agent using a star each time / iteration
//Then select the node from the path where "previous" is equal to the enemy. (aka the second last node in the path array since we work back from agent/end)
//reinitialise the grid, openSet and closedSet each time.
// I looked at creating the grid as a global structure, and then reset the heuristic score during each iteration but i had problems with this approach. So it was easier to reset each time.
var grid = new Array(gridsize);
var openSet = [];
var closedSet = [];
for (var i = 0; i < gridsize; i++)
grid[i] = new Array(gridsize);
//Add the "Spots" into the grid
for (var i = 0; i < gridsize; i++)
for (var j = 0; j < gridsize; j++)
grid[i][j] = new Spot(i, j);
// Add all the neighbors
for (var i = 0; i < gridsize; i++)
for (var j = 0; j < gridsize; j++)
grid[i][j].addNeighbors(grid);
//the starting point is the enemy
var start = grid[ei][ej];
//the end point is the agent
var end = grid[ai][aj];
openSet.push(start);
//loop while their are records within the openSet
while (openSet.length > 0){
var winner = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < openSet.length; i++)
if (openSet[i].f < openSet[winner].f)
winner = i;
var current = openSet[winner];
// Have we found the agent
if (current === end)
{
//The optimum path to agent has been found, get the path using the previous values
var path = [];
var temp = current;
path.push(temp);
while (temp.previous)
{
path.push(temp.previous);
temp = temp.previous;
}
//As the last item in the path, is where we started from (i.e. the enemy)
//The next move should be the second last item within the path array
var l = path.length -1
if (!occupied(path[l-1].i,path[l-1].j)){
ei = path[l-1].i;
ej = path[l-1].j;
}
break;
}
openSet.splice(winner, 1)
closedSet.push(current);
//console.log(openSet.length);
var neighbors = current.neighbors;
for (var i = 0; i < neighbors.length; i++)
{
var neighbor = neighbors[i];
// if the current neighbor is the agent, stop
if (neighbor[i]===end)
{
neighbor.previous = current
break;
}
if (!closedSet.includes(neighbor) && !neighbor.wall)
{
var tempG = current.g + heuristic(neighbor, current);
// Is this a better path than before?
var newPath = false;
if (openSet.includes(neighbor))
{
if (tempG < neighbor.g)
{
neighbor.g = tempG;
newPath = true;
}
}
else
{
neighbor.g = tempG;
newPath = true;
openSet.push(neighbor);
// console.log('Openset =' + openSet);
}
// Yes, it's a better path
if (newPath)
{
neighbor.h = heuristic(neighbor, end);
neighbor.f = neighbor.g + neighbor.h;
neighbor.previous = current;
}
}
}
}
}else{
var i, j;
if ( ei < ai ) i = AB.randomIntAtoB(ei, ei+1);
if ( ei == ai ) i = ei;
if ( ei > ai ) i = AB.randomIntAtoB(ei-1, ei);
if ( ej < aj ) j = AB.randomIntAtoB(ej, ej+1);
if ( ej == aj ) j = ej;
if ( ej > aj ) j = AB.randomIntAtoB(ej-1, ej);
if ( ! occupied(i,j) ) // if no obstacle then move, else just miss a turn
{
ei = i;
ej = j;
}
}
}
function moveLogicalAgent( a ) // this is called by the infrastructure that gets action a from the Mind
{
var i = ai;
var j = aj;
if ( a == ACTION_LEFT ) i--;
else if ( a == ACTION_RIGHT ) i++;
else if ( a == ACTION_UP ) j++;
else if ( a == ACTION_DOWN ) j--;
if ( ! occupied(i,j) )
{
ai = i;
aj = j;
}
}
// --- key handling --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// This is hard to see while the Mind is also moving the agent:
// AB.mind.getAction() and AB.world.takeAction() are constantly running in a loop at the same time
// have to turn off Mind actions to really see user key control
// we will handle these keys:
var OURKEYS = [ 37, 38, 39, 40 ];
function ourKeys ( event ) { return ( OURKEYS.includes ( event.keyCode ) ); }
function keyHandler ( event )
{
if ( ! AB.runReady ) return true; // not ready yet
// if not one of our special keys, send it to default key handling:
if ( ! ourKeys ( event ) ) return true;
// else handle key and prevent default handling:
if ( event.keyCode == 37 ) moveLogicalAgent ( ACTION_LEFT );
if ( event.keyCode == 38 ) moveLogicalAgent ( ACTION_DOWN );
if ( event.keyCode == 39 ) moveLogicalAgent ( ACTION_RIGHT );
if ( event.keyCode == 40 ) moveLogicalAgent ( ACTION_UP );
// when the World is embedded in an iframe in a page, we want arrow key events handled by World and not passed up to parent
event.stopPropagation(); event.preventDefault(); return false;
}
// --- score: -----------------------------------
function badstep() // is the enemy within one square of the agent
{
if ( ( Math.abs(ei - ai) < 2 ) && ( Math.abs(ej - aj) < 2 ) ) return true;
else return false;
}
function agentBlocked() // agent is blocked on all sides, run over
{
return ( occupied (ai-1,aj) &&
occupied (ai+1,aj) &&
occupied ( ai,aj+1) &&
occupied ( ai,aj-1) );
}
function updateStatusBefore(a)
// this is called before anyone has moved on this step, agent has just proposed an action
// update status to show old state and proposed move
{
var x = AB.world.getState();
AB.msg ( " Step: " + AB.step + " x = (" + x.toString() + ") a = (" + a + ") " );
}
function updateStatusAfter() // agent and enemy have moved, can calculate score
{
// new state after both have moved
var y = AB.world.getState();
var score = ( goodsteps / AB.step ) * 100;
AB.msg ( " y = (" + y.toString() + ") <br>" +
" Bad steps: " + badsteps +
" Good steps: " + goodsteps +
" Score: " + score.toFixed(2) + "% ", 2 );
}
AB.world.newRun = function()
{
AB.loadingScreen();
AB.runReady = false;
badsteps = 0;
goodsteps = 0;
if ( show3d )
{
BOXHEIGHT = squaresize;
ABWorld.init3d ( startRadiusConst, maxRadiusConst, SKYCOLOR );
}
else
{
BOXHEIGHT = 1;
ABWorld.init2d ( startRadiusConst, maxRadiusConst, SKYCOLOR );
}
loadResources(); // aynch file loads
// calls initScene() when it returns
document.onkeydown = keyHandler;
};
AB.world.getState = function()
{
var x = [ ai, aj, ei, ej ];
return ( x );
};
AB.world.takeAction = function ( a )
{
updateStatusBefore(a); // show status line before moves
moveLogicalAgent(a);
if ( ( AB.step % 2 ) == 0 ) // slow the enemy down to every nth step
moveLogicalEnemy();
if ( badstep() ) badsteps++;
else goodsteps++;
drawAgent();
drawEnemy();
updateStatusAfter(); // show status line after moves
if ( agentBlocked() ) // if agent blocked in, run over
{
AB.abortRun = true;
goodsteps = 0; // you score zero as far as database is concerned
musicPause();
soundAlarm();
}
};
AB.world.endRun = function()
{
musicPause();
if ( AB.abortRun ) AB.msg ( " <br> <font color=red> <B> Agent trapped. Final score zero. </B> </font> ", 3 );
else AB.msg ( " <br> <font color=green> <B> Run over. </B> </font> ", 3 );
};
AB.world.getScore = function()
{
// only called at end - do not use AB.step because it may have just incremented past AB.maxSteps
var s = ( goodsteps / AB.maxSteps ) * 100; // float like 93.4372778
var x = Math.round (s * 100); // 9344
return ( x / 100 ); // 93.44
};
// --- music and sound effects ----------------------------------------
var backmusic = AB.backgroundMusic ( MUSIC_BACK );
function musicPlay() { backmusic.play(); }
function musicPause() { backmusic.pause(); }
function soundAlarm()
{
var alarm = new Audio ( SOUND_ALARM );
alarm.play(); // play once, no loop
}